翻译|新西兰蜜蜂外来病虫害监测报告（完）（14.7月-15.6月）

内容接上期 “新西兰蜜蜂外来病虫害监测报告（2）”-------------------
七、养蜂者的扩展和培训

   如前几年，5篇关于外来病虫害的监测问题及其和新西兰养蜂业的相关性文章，发表在了《新西兰养蜂者》杂志。这些文章内容包括了非洲化蜜蜂，亚洲蜜蜂（中蜂），亚洲地区蜂螨（小蜂螨）。在年初发表的一篇综述文章里，列出了当前这一季的计划，并提请特别注意和前几年的不同之处。年末，一篇总结文章报告了监测活动的结果。

   在这12个月期间，艾希亚公司养蜂业技术顾问们 (ATAs)被邀请参加了养蜂业余爱好俱乐部、养蜂业会议及商业养蜂者等许多可以大显身手的活动。顾问们利用这些机会，向他们提供蜜蜂外来病虫害的信息。此外，我们的贸易伙伴正越来越多地要求，对出口活蜂无病状态提供更高的担保。为帮助提供这个担保，顾问们在鉴别养蜂业的病虫害方面，培训了“有检查资格的养蜂者”。

八、蜂场数据库

   从艾希亚公司维护的一个蜂场数据库中，可以看到新西兰养蜂企业的信息。截至2015年6月30号，共有5551名养蜂者，34476个蜂场， 575872群蜂。新的养蜂者以一种创纪录的速度，仍然在进入这个行业。截止到6月30号，在这12个月中，新注册了1082家企业。几乎有34%的养蜂者经验不到2年。这凸显了对于外来疾病的识别提供持续培训的必要，这种培训对增加该监测项目的灵敏度至关重要。

       对蜜蜂外来病虫害识别的培训，极大的增加了尽早发现入侵者的机会。这是因为，比起被监测的高风险点的目标蜂群，更多的蜂群可以被受过良好训练的从业人员检查，对比之下，优势是非常明显的。

       所有的养蜂者都要注册，并提供他们蜂场的位置，这是一项法律规定。蜂场位置要有地理坐标，以便能够规划详细的疾病调查方案。养蜂者要每年检查一次他们的蜂场，并且报告任何有关美幼病和可疑外来病虫害的情况。他们每年也必须提交一份统计表，要更新所有的蜂场数据，并说明他们所有的蜂群都被检查过。

九、技术发展

   为保持该监测项目技术水平的不断发展，监测技术和蜜蜂外来病虫害方面重要的国内和国际文献，都被深入研究学习。此外，年度半日技术会议也被举行，作为对养蜂业官员培训的一部分。

   艾希亚公司拥有一大批蜂业技术专家，他们在蜜蜂疾病的识别和控制方面非常胜任。
作者：托尼 罗柏  艾希亚公司 蜂业技术顾问  （完）
以下为原文：

Beekeeper extension and education

As in previous years, five articles were written for publication in The New Zealand Beekeeper magazine, onsurveillance issues relating to exotic bee pests and diseases and their relevance to the NZ beekeeping industry. These articles covered Africanised bees, the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) and

the Asian mite (Tropilaelaps sp.). An overview article is published at the beginning of the field season, outlining the plan for the current season and drawing particular attention to changes from previous years. At the end of the field season a summary article is writtenreporting on the results of surveillance activities.

During the 12-month period, AsureQuality Apiculture Technical Advisers (ATAs) were invited to a number of hobby clubs, beekeeping meetings and commercial beekeeper field days. ATAs take these opportunities to provide information on exotic pests and diseases of honey bees. Additionally, our trading partners are increasingly requiring greater assurance of the disease-free status of exported live bees. To help provide this assurance, ATAs train Inspecting Beekeepers (who clear apiaries for export) in the identification of apiculture pests and diseases.

Apiary database

AsureQuality Ltd maintains an apiary database that contains information on beekeeping enterprises in New Zealand. As at 30 June 2015 there were 5 551 beekeepers managing 575 872 hives on 34 476 apiaries. New beekeepers are still entering the industry at a record rate, with 1 082 new registrations in the 12 months to 30 June. Almost 34 percent of beekeepers have less than two seasons of experience. This highlights the need to provide ongoing education about exotic disease identification, which is paramount to increasing the sensitivity of the passive surveillance programme. Educating the industry in the identification of exotic pests and diseases greatly increases the chances of finding an incursion sooner. This is because vastly more hives can be inspected by an educated industry than by targeted surveillance at high-risk sites.

It is a legal requirement that all beekeepers are registered and provide the location of their apiaries. Apiaries are geo-referenced, which enables planning of detailed disease surveys. Beekeepers are required to inspect their hives annually and report any cases of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae larvae) and suspect exotic honey beediseases. They must also furnish a return each year updating all apiary records and stating that their hives have been inspected.

Technical development

To maintain technical development of the surveillance programme, relevant national and international literature on surveillance techniques and exotic bee diseases and pests was reviewed. Additionally, the annual half-day

technical meeting was held for apiculture officers as part of their training.

AsureQuality Ltd maintains a group of apicultural technical experts who are competent in bee disease recognition and control.

Tony Roper

Apicultural Technical Adviser AsureQuality Ltd